Exogenous methyl jasmonate treatment induced the transcriptional responses and accumulation of volatile terpenoids in Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.

Water dropwort is favored by consumers for its unique flavor and medicinal value. Terpenoids were identified as the main volatile compounds related to its flavor. In this study, water dropwort was treated with different concentrations of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The contents of volatile terpenoids were determined under various MeJA treatments. The results indicated that 0.1 mM of MeJA most effectively promoted the biosynthesis of flavor-related terpenoids in water dropwort. Terpinolene accounted the highest proportion among terpene compounds in water dropwort. The contents of jasmonates in water dropwort were also increased after exogenous MeJA treatments. Transcriptome analysis indicated that DEGs involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated. The TPS family was identified from water dropwort, and the expression levels of Oj0473630, Oj0287510 and Oj0240400 genes in TPS-b subfamily were consistent with the changes of terpene contents under MeJA treatments. Oj0473630 was cloned from the water dropwort and designated as OjTPS3, which is predicted to be related to the biosynthesis of terpinolene in water dropwort. Subcellular localization indicated that OjTPS3 protein was localized in chloroplast. Protein purification and enzyme activity of OjTPS3 protein were conducted. The results showed that the purified OjTPS3 protein catalyzed the biosynthesis of terpinolene by using geranyl diphosphate (GPP) as substrate in vitro. This study will facilitate to further understand the molecular mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis and provide a strategy to improve the flavor of water dropwort.

Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways Involved in the Growth and Quality of Water Dropwort [Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.] under Nutrient Solution Culture.

Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.) is an important vegetable crop. Nutrient liquid culture has become an important cultivation method in the production of water dropwort. However, the effects of different nutrient solution cultivation methods on the growth and quality of water dropwort remains unclear. In this study, to screen the most suitable nutrient solution formula for the cultivation of water dropwort, the effects of different nutrient solution formulas (Hoagland, Cooper, Dutch greenhouse, Garden-style, Yamasaki and SCAU) on plant physiological and quality characteristics are investigated. The plant height, root length, water content (%), distribution rate of dry matter (%), chlorophyll, VC, flavonoid, total phenolic, DPPH and dietary fiber of water dropwort under different nutrient solutions were determined. According to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) of the growth index and quality index of water dropwort under different nutrient solutions, the Yamazaki nutrient solution was considered to be the most suitable nutrient solution formula for water dropwort. To further confirm the differences of water dropwort under nutrient solution culture and soil culture, the broadly targeted metabolomics were performed. A total of 485 metabolites were detected in water dropwort under optimal nutrient solution and soil cultivation. Metabolomics analysis showed that flavonoids were the most abundant differential accumulated metabolites, and most flavonoids were up-regulated. A qRT-PCR assay indicated that the structural genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (PAL, C4H, CHS, CHI, F3H, DFR, UFGT) were significantly higher under the Yamasaki nutrient solution treatment. The current study provided a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the nutrient solution cultivation of water dropwort. Meanwhile, this study provides new insights into the study of flavonoids in water dropwort.

GmDof41 regulated by the DREB1-type protein improves drought and salt tolerance by regulating the DREB2-type protein in soybean.

Despite their essential and multiple roles in biological processes, the molecular mechanism of Dof transcription factors (TFs) for responding to abiotic stresses is rarely reported in plants. We identified a soybean Dof gene GmDof41 which was involved in the responses to drought, salt, and exogenous ABA stresses. Overexpression of GmDof41 in soybean transgenic hairy roots attenuated H2O2 accumulation and regulated proline homeostasis, resulting in the drought and salt tolerance. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) illustrated that GmDof41 was regulated by the DREB1-type protein GmDREB1B;1 that could improve drought and salt tolerance in plants. Further studies illustrated GmDof41 can directly bind to the promoter of GmDREB2A which encodes a DREB2-type protein and affects abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Collectively, our results suggested that GmDof41 positively regulated drought and salt tolerance by correlating with GmDREB1B;1 and GmDREB2A. This study provides an important basis for further exploring the abiotic stress-tolerance mechanism of Dof TFs in soybean.

Selection of suitable reference genes for qPCR normalization in different developmental stages of Oenanthe javanica.

Gene expression analysis is widely used to unravel molecular regulatory mechanisms and identify key genes in plants. Appropriate reference gene is an important prerequisite to ensure the accuracy and reliability of qPCR analysis results. Water dropwort is a plant of the Oenanthe genus in the Apiaceae family, which has high economic benefits. However, the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms in the growth and development of water dropwort have not been fully understood and the appropriate reference genes in different developmental stages of water dropwort not yet reported. In this study, 10 candidate reference genes (ACTIN, PP2A, SAND, EF-1α, GAPDH, UBQ, MIP, TBP, RPS-18, eIF-4α) were identified and cloned from Oenanthe javanica. The qPCR primers of candidate reference genes were designed and verified. Four statistical algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder were used to evaluate the expression stability of 10 candidate reference genes in different developmental stages of water dropwort. The results showed that TBP and UBQ were the most stable genes in different developmental stages of water dropwort, while GAPDH was the most unstable gene. The normalization of EXP1 genes at different developmental stages further confirmed the reliability of internal reference genes. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate internal reference genes in different developmental stages of water dropwort. This study also provides technical support and reliable basis for the expression analysis of key genes in different developmental stages of water dropwort.

Integrative Analysis of Long- and Short-Read Transcriptomes Identify the Regulation of Terpenoids Biosynthesis Under Shading Cultivation in Oenanthe javanica.

Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) is a popular vegetable with high nutritional value and distinctive flavor. The flavor is mainly correlate with the biosynthesis of terpenoids. Shading cultivation was used to improve the flavor in the production of water dropwort. However, the changes of terpenoids and the genes involved in terpenoids biosynthesis under shading treatment remains unclear. In this study, the long- and short-reads transcriptomes of water dropwort were constructed. In total, 57,743 non-redundant high-quality transcripts were obtained from the transcriptome. 28,514 SSRs were identified from non-redundant transcripts and the mono-nucleotide repeats were the most abundant SSRs. The lncRNAs of water dropwort were recognized and their target genes were predicted. The volatile compound contents in petioles and leaf blades of water dropwort were decreased after the shading treatment. The DEGs analysis was performed to identify the terpenoids biosynthesis genes. The results indicated that 5,288 DEGs were differentially expressed in petiole, of which 22 DEGs were enriched in the terpenoids backbone biosynthesis pathway. A total of 12 DEGs in terpenoids biosynthesis pathway were selected and further verified by qRT-PCR assay, demonstrating that the terpenoids biosynthesis genes were down-regulated under shading treatment. Here, the full-length transcriptome was constructed and the regulatory genes related to terpenoids biosynthesis in water dropwort were also investigated. These results will provide useful information for future researches on functional genomics and terpenoids biosynthesis mechanism in water dropwort.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the Shi-Related Sequence Family and Functional Identification of GmSRS18 Involving in Drought and Salt Stresses in Soybean.

The plant-special SHI-RELATED SEQUENCE (SRS) family plays vital roles in various biological processes. However, the genome-wide analysis and abiotic stress-related functions of this family were less reported in soybean. In this work, 21 members of soybean SRS family were identified, which were divided into three groups (Group I, II, and III). The chromosome location and gene structure were analyzed, which indicated that the members in the same group may have similar functions. The analysis of stress-related cis-elements showed that the SRS family may be involved in abiotic stress signaling pathway. The analysis of expression patterns in various tissues demonstrated that SRS family may play crucial roles in special tissue-dependent regulatory networks. The data based on soybean RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) proved that SRS genes were induced by drought, NaCl, and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). GmSRS18 significantly induced by drought and NaCl was selected for further functional verification. GmSRS18, encoding a cell nuclear protein, could negatively regulate drought and salt resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis. It can affect stress-related physiological index, including chlorophyll, proline, and relative electrolyte leakage. Additionally, it inhibited the expression levels of stress-related marker genes. Taken together, these results provide valuable information for understanding the classification of soybean SRS transcription factors and indicates that SRS plays important roles in abiotic stress responses.

Genomic Analysis of Stress Associated Proteins in Soybean and the Role of GmSAP16 in Abiotic Stress Responses in Arabidopsis and Soybean.

Stress associated proteins (SAPs) containing A20/AN1 zinc finger domains have emerged as novel regulators of stress responses. In this study, 27 SAP genes were identified in soybean. The phylogenetic relationships, exon-intron structure, domain structure, chromosomal localization, putative cis-acting elements, and expression patterns of SAPs in various tissues under abiotic stresses were analyzed. Among the soybean SAP genes, GmSAP16 was significantly induced by water deficit stress, salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) and selected for further analysis. GmSAP16 was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The overexpression of GmSAP16 in Arabidopsis improved drought and salt tolerance at different developmental stages and increased ABA sensitivity, as indicated by delayed seed germination and stomatal closure. The GmSAP16 transgenic Arabidopsis plants had a higher proline content and a lower water loss rate and malondialdehyde (MDA) content than wild type (WT) plants in response to stresses. The overexpression of GmSAP16 in soybean hairy roots enhanced drought and salt tolerance of soybean seedlings, with higher proline and chlorophyll contents and a lower MDA content than WT. RNA inference (RNAi) of GmSAP16 increased stress sensitivity. Stress-related genes, including GmDREB1B;1, GmNCED3, GmRD22, GmDREB2, GmNHX1, and GmSOS1, showed significant expression alterations in GmSAP16-overexpressing and RNAi plants under stress treatments. These results indicate that soybean SAP genes play important roles in abiotic stress responses.

Functional Analysis of the Soybean GmCDPK3 Gene Responding to Drought and Salt Stresses.

Plants have a series of response mechanisms to adapt when they are subjected to external stress. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) in plants function against a variety of abiotic stresses. We screened 17 CDPKs from drought- and salt-induced soybean transcriptome sequences. The phylogenetic tree divided CDPKs of rice, Arabidopsis and soybean into five groups (I-V). Cis-acting element analysis showed that the 17 CDPKs contained some elements associated with drought and salt stresses. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that the 17 CDPKs were responsive after different degrees of induction under drought and salt stresses. GmCDPK3 was selected as a further research target due to its high relative expression. The subcellular localization experiment showed that GmCDPK3 was located on the membrane of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts. Overexpression of GmCDPK3 improved drought and salt resistance in Arabidopsis. In the soybean hairy roots experiment, the leaves of GmCDPK3 hairy roots with RNA interference (GmCDPK3-RNAi) soybean lines were more wilted than those of GmCDPK3 overexpression (GmCDPK3-OE) soybean lines after drought and salt stresses. The trypan blue staining experiment further confirmed that cell membrane damage of GmCDPK3-RNAi soybean leaves was more severe than in GmCDPK3-OE soybean lines. In addition, proline (Pro) and chlorophyll contents were increased and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased in GmCDPK3-OE soybean lines. On the contrary, GmCDPK3-RNAi soybean lines had decreased Pro and chlorophyll content and increased MDA. The results indicate that GmCDPK3 is essential in resisting drought and salt stresses.

Tackling Complex Emergency Response Solutions Evaluation Problems in Sustainable Development by Fuzzy Group Decision Making Approaches with Considering Decision Hesitancy and Prioritization among Assessing Criteria.

In order to be prepared against potential balance-breaking risks affecting economic development, more and more countries have recognized emergency response solutions evaluation (ERSE) as an indispensable activity in their governance of sustainable development. Traditional multiple criteria group decision making (MCGDM) approaches to ERSE have been facing simultaneous challenging characteristics of decision hesitancy and prioritization relations among assessing criteria, due to the complexity in practical ERSE problems. Therefore, aiming at the special type of ERSE problems that hold the two characteristics, we investigate effective MCGDM approaches by hiring interval-valued dual hesitant fuzzy set (IVDHFS) to comprehensively depict decision hesitancy. To exploit decision information embedded in prioritization relations among criteria, we firstly define an fuzzy entropy measure for IVDHFS so that its derivative decision models can avoid potential information distortion in models based on classic IVDHFS distance measures with subjective supplementing mechanism; further, based on defined entropy measure, we develop two fundamental prioritized operators for IVDHFS by extending Yager's prioritized operators. Furthermore, on the strength of above methods, we construct two hesitant fuzzy MCGDM approaches to tackle complex scenarios with or without known weights for decision makers, respectively. Finally, case studies have been conducted to show effectiveness and practicality of our proposed approaches.

Genome-wide analysis of the YABBY family in soybean and functional identification of GmYABBY10 involvement in high salt and drought stresses.

YABBY family is a plant specific transcription factor family, with the typical N-terminal C2C2 type zinc finger domain and the C-terminal YABBY conservative structure domain, which plays important biological roles in plant growth, development and morphogenesis. In this study, a total of 17 YABBY genes were identified in the soybean genome. The results of this research showed that 17 soybean YABBY genes were located on 11 chromosomes. Analysis of putative cis-acting elements showed that soybean YABBY genes contained lots of MYB and MYC elements. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the expressions of GmYABBY3, GmYABBY10 and GmYABBY16 were more highly sensitive in drought, NaCl and ABA stresses. And the transient expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts showed that GmYABBY3 protein distributed uniformly the whole cells, while GmYABBY10 protein was mainly localized in the membranes and cytoplasm and GmYABBY16 protein was localized the nucleus and membranes. To further identify the function of GmYABBY10, we obtained the transgenic Arabidopsis overexpression GmYABBY10. Based on germination and seedling root arrays in transgenic Arabidopsis, we found that the rates of wild type seeds was a litter higher than that of GmYABBY10 transgenic seeds under both PEG and NaCl treatment. While the root length and root surface of wild type seedlings were bigger than those of GmYABBY10 transgenic seedlings. When seedlings were grown in soil, the survival rates of wild type were higher than those of transgenic plants under both PEG and NaCl treatment, which indicated that GmYABBY10 may be a negatively regulator in plant resistances to drought and salt stresses. This study provided valuable information regarding the classification and functions of YABBY genes in soybean.

Genome-Wide Analysis of the RAV Family in Soybean and Functional Identification of GmRAV-03 Involvement in Salt and Drought Stresses and Exogenous ABA Treatment.

Transcription factors play vital roles in plant growth and in plant responses to abiotic stresses. The RAV transcription factors contain a B3 DNA binding domain and/or an APETALA2 (AP2) DNA binding domain. Although genome-wide analyses of RAV family genes have been performed in several species, little is known about the family in soybean (Glycine max L.). In this study, a total of 13 RAV genes, named as GmRAVs, were identified in the soybean genome. We predicted and analyzed the amino acid compositions, phylogenetic relationships, and folding states of conserved domain sequences of soybean RAV transcription factors. These soybean RAV transcription factors were phylogenetically clustered into three classes based on their amino acid sequences. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the soybean RAV proteins were located in the nucleus. The expression patterns of 13 RAV genes were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Under drought stresses, the RAV genes expressed diversely, up- or down-regulated. Following NaCl treatments, all RAV genes were down-regulated excepting GmRAV-03 which was up-regulated. Under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, the expression of all of the soybean RAV genes increased dramatically. These results suggested that the soybean RAV genes may be involved in diverse signaling pathways and may be responsive to abiotic stresses and exogenous ABA. Further analysis indicated that GmRAV-03 could increase the transgenic lines resistance to high salt and drought and result in the transgenic plants insensitive to exogenous ABA. This present study provides valuable information for understanding the classification and putative functions of the RAV transcription factors in soybean.

Postoperative complications in patients with cochlear implants and impacts of nursing intervention.

CONCLUSION: This study shows that cochlear implantation is relatively safe surgery with few major complications and within acceptable limits. However, close follow-up observation and effective medical and nursing intervention could alleviate further complications and thus become key elements for promoting recovery of patients undergoing such surgery. OBJECTIVES: Cochlear implantation has become an effective method for curing patients disabled by profound hearing loss in China. However, full exploration of the associated complications remains to be completed. The objective of this study was thus to analyse the postoperative complications in patients with cochlear implants (CIs) in order to design improved measures for clinical and nursing interventions. METHODS: A retrospective study of 262 patients receiving CIs at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China from March 1997 to December 2006 was conducted. RESULTS: Among 262 patients, 4 cases (1.5%) had 1 or more major complications requiring substantial medical or nursing interventions, including 1 case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhoea accompanied by meningitis, 2 cases of facial nerve paresis and 1 case of perforation of tympanic membrane. Forty cases (15.3%) had some form of minor complication that settled spontaneously or easily with conventional treatments and nursing, of which dizziness and vomiting was the most frequent (4.2%), followed by CSF gusher without otorrhoea and/or induced meningitis (2.7%), tinnitus (1.9%) and facial nerve partially exposed without paralysis (1.5%). Eleven cases (4.2%) had some symptoms associated with installation of the cochlear device. Except for one patient who had no response after implantation because his auditory nerves were underdeveloped, all the patients who received appropriate treatment and nursing intervention had a favourable prognosis.

[Association of EGFR expression with angiogenesis and chemoresistance in ovarian carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the association of EGFR expression with angiogenesis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. METHODS: Immunohistochemical PV-6000 staining was used to detect the expression of EGFR, LRP protein and MVD in 102 ovarian tumor specimens. RESULTS: EGFR, LRP positive rates and MVD in borderline and malignant ovarian specimens were significantly higher than those in the normal and benign ones (P < 0.01). EGFR positive expression rate in stage III-IV carcinoma tissues, poor differentiation and with ascites was higher than that in stage I-II carcinomas of well differentiation and without ascites (P < 0.05). MVD was related to histological grade, residual tumor and ascites, LRP positive expression had no correlation with the clinicopathologic parameters (P > 0.05). The effective rate of chemotherapy in patients with EGFR and LRP-positive expression were 57.1% and 53.7%, respectively, significantly lower than that in cases with EGFR and LRP-negative expression (85.0% and 90.9%, P < 0.05). In the 64 cases with complete data, the three-year survival rate was 53.0%. The survival time was shorter in the cases with EGFR and LRP-positive expression, poor differentiation, ascites and chemoresistance (P < 0.01), and only LRP-positive expression and chemotherapeutic effect were independently related to survival time (P < 0.05). There was a correlation between EGFR and MVD (r = 0.548, P < 0.01), EGFR and LRP positive expression (P = 0.020). CONCLUSION: The expression of EGFR in ovarian cancer is related to angiogenesis and chemoresistance. EGFR and LRP-positive expression are related to chemoresistance, and detection of the two proteins may be helpful in guiding chemotherapy choice for ovarian cancer. LRP-positive expression and chemotherapeutic effect may be independent prognostic factors.

[Correlations of EGFR and LRP to chemotherapy resistance and prognosis of ovarian cancer].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Abnormal expression and activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is closely related to the recurrence and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer, can promote chemotherapy resistance of tumor cells. Lung resistance protein (LRP), a multidrug resistance protein causing platinum-resistance, is an independent factor in predicting chemotherapy sensitivity to ovarian cancer. This study was to explore the correlations of EGFR and LRP to chemotherapy resistance and prognosis of ovarian cancer. METHODS: Expressions of EGFR and LRP in 76 specimens of ovarian malignant tumor, nine borderline tumor, 17 benign tumor and 15 normal ovary were studied using immunohistochemistry. Patients with ovarian cancer were followed up. Correlations of EGFR and LRP to chemotherapy efficacy and survival time of patients with ovarian cancer after operation were analyzed. RESULTS: The positive rates of EGFR and LRP in malignant specimens (73.68% and 71.79%) were significantly higher than those in normal and benign ones (P <0.01). EGFR was highly expressed in ovarian cancer patients at late stage (III-IV), with poor differentiation and ascites (P <0.05). The short-term efficacy rates of ovarian cancer were lower in patients with positive expressions of EGFR and LRP (57.14% and 53.70%) than in those with negative expressions (P<0.05). The positive rates of EGFR and LRP were significant higher in patients with chemotherapy resistance (92.86% and 85.71%) than in those sensitive to chemotherapy (P<0.05). The three-year survival rate of ovarian cancer patients was 53.00%. Patients with positive EGFR and LRP and poor short-term efficacy after chemotherapy had short survival time (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The expression of EGFR and LRP could be used to predict chemotherapy resistance and prognosis of ovarian cancer.

Establishment and application of a TaqMan real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay for rubella virus RNA.

The aim of this study was to establish and apply a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for rubella virus (RV) RNA. First, the primer and TaqMan probe concentrations, as well as reaction temperatures were optimized to establish an efficient real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay for RV RNA. Next, an RV-specific PCR amplicon was made as an external standard to estimate the linearity, amplification efficiency, analytical sensitivity and reproducibility of the real time quantitative assay. Finally, the assay was applied to quantify RV RNA in clinical samples for rubella diagnosis. The RV-specific PCR amplicon was prepared for evaluation of the assay at 503 bp, and its original concentration was 2.75x109 copies/mul. The real time quantitative assay was shown to have good linearity (R2=0.9920), high amplification efficiency (E=1.91), high sensitivity (275 copies/ml), and high reproducibility (variation coefficient range, from 1.25% to 3.58%). Compared with the gold standard, the specificity and sensitivity of the assay in clinical samples was 96.4% and 86.4%, respectively. Therefore, the established quantitative RT-PCR method is a simple, rapid, less-labored, quantitative, highly specific and sensitive assay for RV RNA.

[Association study between a polymorphism of aldosterone synthetase gene and the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between -344T polymorphism in aldosterone synthetase (CYP11B2) gene promoter region and the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS: Ninety two patients with PCOS and controls were genotyped according to the fragment length (273 bp and or 202 bp) of CYP11B2 gene promoter by the technique of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The levels of luteinizing hormone, follicular stimulating hormone, estrodiol, progesterone, prolactin, testosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma angiotensin II (PANG II) and aldosterone in the basal state were also determined. Different genotypes between PCOS were compared about their levels of PRA, PANG II, aldosterone and testosterone. RESULTS: (1) The C allele frequencies of CYP11B2 gene in control and PCOS was 22% and 36%, respectively. (2) The frequency of variants (TC, CC) of CYP11B2 gene -344T polymorphism site in PCOS (57%) was significantly higher than that of control subjects (37%). (3) The level of PRA, PANG II, aldosterone, testosterone were all significantly higher in the genotype of -344CC than in that of -344TT in PCOS and normal women (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: (1) The variants (T-->C) of -344T polymorphism site of CYP11B2 gene predisposes increased risk of PCOS. (2) The genotype of -344CC, -344TC may be susceptible genotype of PCOS and has related to the enhanced functional activity of ovarian renin angiotensin system in PCOS.

[Analysis of salt resistance on the poplar transferred with salt tolerance gene].

Poplar(Pupulus x Xiao zhannica, cv. "balizhuang-yang") transferred with mtl-D gene was used as an experimental material. Through tissue culture, aquaculture and pot culture transgenic poplars are tested with variant Nacl salt gradient. In it transgenic poplar raises its initial days for differentiation, differentiation rate, bud intensity, bud height and growth potential than control plant. At the same time, the transgenic poplar has higher rooting rate and more top roots, side roots and higher root length than control under the same salt stress. The result shows that the transgenic poplar has better tolerance ability than control plant in the salt 4@1000 contensity mediums.